Distribution of liquids in centrifugal fans or drums.



PAT ENTED MAY 19, 1908.

P. KESINBR. DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUIDS IN OENTRIPUGAL FANS 0R DRUMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5.1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WWI-M25525 No. 888,092- PATENTED MAY 19, 1908. P. KESTNBR. DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUIDS IN GENTRIFUGAL FANS 0R DRUMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5.1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 larly 'alon To all whom it may concern:

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PAUL KESTNER, OF LILLE, FRANCE.

DISTRIBUTION OF. LIQUIDS IN CENTRIFIIGAL FANS 0R DRUMS.

Specification 01' Letters Patent.

Patented May 19, 1908.

Application filed August 6, I907. Serial No. 887,076.

Be it known that I, PAUL KESTNER, of Lille, France, a citizen of the Republic of France, have invented a new and useful Imrovement in the Distribution of Li uids in entrifugal Fans or Drums, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawingo fornnng a part of this specification, in explaining its nature.

My invention relates to means for obtaining the distribution of liquids in centrifugal fans or drums.

In order to fully understand my invention attention will be called to the fact that centrifugal fans or drums have been used by me for atomizing liquids and this for the purpose either of forming humidified air as described in my 00- ending application entitled Means for humi ifyin the air of rooms, filed July 29, 1904, Seria No. 218,701, or for the purpose of intimately mixing a liquid with gases agitated by the fan or drum .for washing these ases. See in this connection my co-pen 'ng application entitled Process of washing gases, filed May 4, 1906, Serial No. 315,263, or for the purpose of effecting absorption of gases by liquid or for other purposes. In my pendin application filed October 10, 1906, Serial 0. 338,224, I have described an atomizing drum especially designed to be used for atomizing hquids.

I have proved by experiments that, whether my improved atomizing drum or an ordinary centrifugal fan wheel be employed, atomization is effected at the extreme outer edge of each blade or wing, and, further, that the efficiency of the apparatus, as regards quantity of hquid atomized as well as completeness of atomization, is very largely dependent on the regular and even distribution over and along the inner edges of the wings or blades of t e liquid to be atomized. It is this regular distribution of the liquid over and alon the inner edges of the wings or blades constitutes the main difficulty in aratus to work with great ave actually demonstrated efiicienc I that eac blade or Wing will effect the atomization or breakin up into very fine particles, of only a limited quantity of'liquid, even when the liquid is distributed perfectly reguthe blade. When this quantity isexceede the ed eoftheblade is drowned and no atomization in the proper sense is effected but the liquid is thrown off in comparatively large drops. If the liquid is not a on the blades, parts of the edges thereof Wlll e more or less drowned by having a greater excess of liquid supplied to them than they can atomize whereas other parts will have a less quantity of'liquid than they might atomize. It will, therefore, be evident that in order to enable the best results to be attained not only must the total quantity of liquid supplied to the rotating wheel be regulated accordin to the dimensions of the wheel but the iquid must be so distributed that each blade receives its proper share and also that that share is evenly spread along the blade.

Multiple jets have been tried, and also full circular jets, but b neither is the result desired attained. hatever be the division into multi le jets there are always drowned edges at t e points where the jets strike the blade and it is in practice almost impossible to so distribute the jets that even the uantity of li uid supplied to each of the bla esis equal. is to full circular jets, the meet one aspect of the problem, in that al blades or wings of the fan or drum can be made to receive the same quantity of .water, but on the other hand the even distribution along the spread or distributed regularly or evenly whole of the width of each blade is not at tained and the results are always very imperfect.

By means of my invention the defects referred to are entirely obviated as by its means each blade receives, firstly, its pro er share of the total quantity of liquid supp ed to the drum or fan wheel and, secondly, the liquid is perfectly evenly distributed along the whole blade so that the atomizing edges act at every point on a uniform quantity of liquid. A centrifugal fan or drum can thus be sup lied with a maximum uantity of liquid a l of which will be atomize to the desired degree of fineness.

' The various embodiments of my invention can best be seen and understood by reference to the drawings, in which Figure 1 shows in cross section a centrifugal fan fitted with a liquid distributing disk embodying my invention. Fig. 2 shows a cross section on the line 22 of Fi 1. Fig. 3sh0ws in enlarged detail aportion of the distributing disk shown in Fig. 1. Fi s. 4, 5 and 6 show other forms of liquid distri uting 11 Figs. 7, 8 and disks embodying my invention, and to these s ecial reference will hereinafter be made.

9 there are shown in cross section fans having still further embodiments of my invention.

In the drawings :A represents 'a casing. Inside this is a rotary fan or atomizing drum A comprising a disk a from which there proj ect a large number of blades a extending in a direction substantially parallel with the axis of the fan around its interior chamber 0 The fan is driven by means of the shaft 0 extending through the wall of the casing and connecting with the hub a on the disk a. The shaft (1 may be driven in any suitable manner. a is the opening into, the chamber of the fan for the ingress 'of liquid and gas and a. is the outlet from the fan casing.

On the hub of the fan or rather the end of the shaft 0 connecting therewith by any suitab e connection, is the distributer B. This distributer is in the form of a corrugated disk preferably made of metal, bent to undulate outwardly in the direction of its periph- 'ery. Accordin ly it has somewhat the form of a circular fol 'ng fan when 0 en. The 0- sition of the distributing disk is preferably such that its location will be at about the center of the fan and directly in front of the inlet pipe 0, which discharges liquid into the center of the disk with the effect that as the fan is rotated the rotation of the disk will cause the liquiddischarged into the center- -thereof to flow or s read outwardly over its entire surface and e centrifugally expelled from the outer edges or periphery of the disk onto the blades of the fan. The depth of the corrugations of the disk determines the angle of its projection so that the liquid may be dischar ed at an angle commensurate with the widt of the blades of the fan or other atomizin means onto which the distribution of the 'quidis made. 7

The form of the distributer may, of course, vary. In Fig. 3 the corrugations in the distributer are obtained by acutely bending it. In Fig. 4 a distributing disk B is shown in which the corrugations are rounded off. B in Fig. 5 shows an edge view of a distributer disk similar to the receding but having in addition upon the w ole of its surface smaller corrugations. In Fi 6 B shows an edge view of a disk suitabI to be used when the liquid is not reqluir'ed tobe spread out much: this is ractica y simply a circular saw the set of e teeth of which is more'pronounced than in a saw.

Other forms of distributer may, of course,

be employed and still be within the scope of my invention.

In connection with this mode of distribution obtained by the centrifugal expulsion of the li uid from the distributer, it is to be especia y noted that the liquid instead of being expelled from the distributer in a sheet on to the blades of the atomizing fan, is projected thereon in drops.

In other words, the blades of the fan are evenly sprinkled with a comparatively fine spray of liquid which assists materially in obtaining thereon a pro er thin film of liquid to be atomized, as was efore explained.

The regularity of the sprinkling may be still further secured by an arrangement like that shown in Fig. 7. In this figure as in the subsequent figures it is to be observed that the ends of the blades of the fan are attached to an annular plate a between which and the disk 0. the blades are inter osed. Likewise interposed between the dis a and plate a and at avposition intermediate ofthe blades of the fan and the distributing disk B are a series of bars or wires a arranged preferably closely adjacent to each other. These bars or wires receive the liquid projected by the inner distributer disk, which strikes the bars or wires and is more equally spread and to some extent distributed or disseminated in finer articles than those thrown from the distri uting. disk inasmuch as the peripheral speed of the bars or wires is greater than that of the disk. From the bars or wires or? the liquidis centrifugally projected on to the blades of the fan, whereby the bladesby the regularity of the a plication of the liquid become covered witii such a fine film as will enable them to very effectively perform the operation of atomization.

In Fig." 8 an arrangementis shown in which a drum composed of wires a are arranged in the fan outside the blades a the blades being arranged slightly nearer the center of the fan than in Fig. 7. With this roe construction the blades first receive the liquid thrown from the distributing disk B and in addition to pro elling the air or gas they act as secondary ifiusers or distributers to throw the liquid against .the wires beyond them whereby the atomization will be eiiected with exceeding fineness. In this construction of apparatus the blades or wings draw in air or gas and at the same time diffuse the li uid projected upon them by the inner distri uter. They serve to project the liquid regularly upon the atomizing wires diffuse the liquid are surmounted by a series of atomizing rings a. The rings may be placed along the entire width of the fan wheel or rather blades thereof, but I prefer,

-is offset or undulated.

as shown, to place them only along a portion thereof. For-this ty e of a paratus I use an inner distributer w iich wi act to project the liquid only upon that portion of the blades whereon the atomizing rings are carried. The effect is that the blades of the fan receiving the liquid act to distribute it upon the atomizing rings, which effect the complete atomization of the liquid. At the same time the blades of the fan are acting to displace a great amount of air or gas, which not only assists in the atomization of the liquid but in the development of strong currents, es ecially in those portions of the fan blades w rich receive no liquid, which acts to carry the finely atomized liquid, which feature is important especially where it is desired to carry the atomized liquid some considerable distance through pi es.

As already state I do not confine my invention to the particular forms of distributer illustrated, as such forms, it will be readily understood, may be varied without departing from the s irit of my invention. In the drawings it wi be seen that in every instance the peripheral edge of the distributer In the forms illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 this offset or undulation'is attained by corrugating the disk in a radial or substantially radial direction whereas in the form illustrated in Fig. 6 the offset or undulation is attained by serrating the eripheral edge of the disk and then ben mg the tongues or teeth thereby formed to the desired extent. The essential characteristic of each distributer being that the liquid delivered against it will by centrifugal force be thrown off and the form of the distributer such that said liquid is thrown oil" in a gradually ex anding field of fine drops whereby thew ole li uid is evenly spread upon the atomizing b ades or wires or first against a secondary distributer or diffuser formed of wires or blades.

In orderto insure the li uid spreading properly and evenly on the distributer and to prevent any of the liquid splashing off I preferably attach the distributer to the shaft a by a screw or bolt having a projecting head B (as shown in Fig. 1) of conical shape and arrange the nozzle a so that the liquid is ro'ected centrally on the said conical head: the said cone serving to more or less gradually change the direction of movement of the liquid from that in which it is projected towards the distributer to that in which it is eventually thrown off from the distributer.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. The combination with a rotary atomizer having a series of blades surrounding an interior chamber, of a distributer contained within said chamber, and means for directing a stream of liquid into said distributer to be diffused thereby on to said blades of the atomizer by the force of centrifugal expulsion.

2. The combination with a rotary atomizer having as'eries of atomizing blades surrounding an interior chamber, of a distributer comprising an undulated disk, means for locating said istributer inside said atomizer to rotate therewith, and means for directing a stream of liquid on to said distributer to be diffused thereby on to said blades by the force of centrifugal expulsion.

3. The combination with a rotary atomizer having atomizing blades surrounding an interior chamber, of means for spraying said blades with li uid dis ersed into afine spray by the force 0 centri ugal expulsion.

4. The combination with a rotary atomizing means of a series of blades concentrically arran ed inside said means for dispersin liquid thereon by the force of centrifu a expulsion, and means for throwing liqui on to said blades.

5. The combination with a rotary atomizer for atomizing liquid of a rotary distributer located centrally Within the atomizer and the peripheral edge of which is offset or undulated, and means for directing a stream of liquid onto said distributer to be diffused thereby onto said atomizer by centrifugal action.

6. The combination with a rotary atomizer having a series of blades or wings surrounding an interior chamber, of a distributer contained within said chamber lllll the eripheral edge of which is offset or unduated, and means for directing a stream of liquid onto said distributer to be diffused thereby onto said blades or wings of the atomizer by centrifugal action.

7. The combination with an atomizer comprising a series of atomizing and air propelling blades, of a secondar atomizer, said atomizers being arranged w ereby one may act as a distributer to the other for dis ersing liquids thereon, and means for supp ying liquids to the liquid-distributing atomizer.

8. The combination with a series of rotary disks parallelly arranged, of propelling blades or wings arran ed inside said disks for distributing liquirI thereon by the force of centrifugal expulsion, and means for throwing liquid onto said blades.

9. The combination with a rotary atomizer surrounding an interior chamber, of a distributer located centrally within said chamber a secondary distributer in the form of a drum made of blades or wings and located between said distributer and the said rotary atomizer, and means for directing a stream of liquid onto said distributer to be diffused thereby onto the secondary distributer and then again spread or diffused by the secondary distributer onto the atomizer by centrifugal action. i

10. The combination with a rotary atomt'er to be difiused by the latter onto said at-- izer for atomizing liquid, of a rotary distribuomizer .by centrifugal action.

ter located centrally within the atomizer and the peripheral edge of Which is offset or un- PAUL KESTNER' 5 dulated, a cone at the center of the distribu- In presence of ter, and means for directing astreain of 1iq-' CHABRIER, HENRI,

uid centrally on the cone of'said distribu- LEON PEOKEL. 

